Biography of W.E.B. Du Bois, Activist and Scholar

Biography of W.E.B. Du Bois, Activist and Scholar W.E.B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt; February 23, 1868–August 27, 1963) was a pivotal sociologist, historian, educator, and sociopolitical activist who argued for immediate racial equality for African-Americans. His emergence as a black leader paralleled the rise of the  Jim Crow laws of the South and the Progressive Era. He was a co-founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and has been called the Father of Social Science and the Father of Pan-Africanism. Fast Facts: W.E.B. Du Bois Known For:  Editor, writer, political activist for racial equality, co-founder of the NAACP, often called the Father of Social Science and the Father of Pan-AfricanismBorn:  February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, MassachusettsParents: Alfred and Mary Silvina Du BoisDied:  August 27, 1963 in Accra, GhanaEducation: Fisk University, Harvard University (first African American to earn a doctorate degree from Harvard University)Published Works: The Philadelphia Negro,  The Souls of Black Folk, The Negro, The Gift of Black Folk,  Black Reconstruction,  The Color of Democracy, The CrisisAwards and Honors: Spingarn Medal, Lenin Peace Prize  Spouse(s): Nina Gomer, Lola Shirley Graham, JuniorChildren: Burghardt, Yolande, stepson, David Graham Du BoisNotable Quote: â€Å"Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season. It is today that our best work can be done and not some future day or future year. It is today that we fit ourselves for the greater usefuln ess of tomorrow. Today is the seed time, now are the hours of work, and tomorrow comes the harvest and the playtime.† Early Life and Education Du Bois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on February 23, 1868. The Du Bois family was one of the few black families living in the predominantly white town. In high school, Du Bois was already focussing on racial inequality. At age 15, he became the local correspondent for the  New York Globe  and gave lectures and wrote editorials, spreading his ideas that  black people needed to politicize themselves. Du Bois attended an integrated school where he excelled. Upon his graduation from high school, members of his community awarded Du Bois with a scholarship to attend Fisk University. While at Fisk, Du Bois experience of racism and poverty was markedly different from his life in Great Barrington. Du Bois, consequently, decided to dedicate his life to ending racism and uplifting black Americans. In 1888, Du Bois graduated from Fisk and was accepted to Harvard University where he earned a master’s degree, a doctorate, and a fellowship to study for two years at the University of Berlin in Germany. He was the first black American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University. Academic Teaching Career Du Bois followed his first teaching job at Wilberforce University with a fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania to conduct a research project in Philadelphia’s seventh ward slums. Researching racism as a  social system, he was determined to learn as much as he could in an attempt to find the â€Å"cure† for prejudice and discrimination. His investigation, statistical measurements, and  sociological interpretation  of this endeavor were published as  The Philadelphia Negro. This was the first time such a scientific approach to studying social phenomenon was undertaken, which is why Du Bois is often called the Father of Social Science. Du Bois next taught at Atlanta University, where he remained for 13 years. At Atlanta University, he  studied and wrote  about morality, urbanization, business and education, the church, and crime as it affected black society. His main goal was to encourage and help social reform. Opposition to Booker T. Washington Initially, Du Bois agreed with the philosophy of Booker T. Washington, the preeminent leader of African-Americans during the Progressive Era. Washingtons activism and life work were all aimed to help black Americans become skilled in industrial and vocational trades so they could open businesses, assimilate into American society as engaged citizens, and become self-reliant. Du Bois, however, came to greatly disagree with Washingtons incremental, compromising approach and he outlined his arguments in his collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk, published in 1903. In these essays, Du Bois argued that white Americans needed to take responsibility for their contributions to the problem of racial inequality. He delineated the flaws he saw in Washington’s argument, but nevertheless, he also agreed that black Americans must take better advantage of educational opportunities to uplift their race as they simultaneously fought racism directly. In The Souls of Black Folk he elaborated on his concept of double-consciousness: It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness- an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. Organizing for Racial Equality In July 1905, Du Bois organized the Niagara Movement with William Monroe Trotter. Niagara Movement took a more militant approach to fighting racial inequality. Its chapters throughout the United States fought local acts of discrimination and the national organization published a newspaper, Voice of the Negro. The Niagara Movement dismantled in 1909 and Du Bois, along with several other members, joined with white Americans to establish the NAACP. Du Bois was appointed director of research. In 1910, he left Atlanta University to work full-time as the publications director at the NAACP, where he served as the editor of their magazine The Crisis from 1910 to 1934. In addition to urging black American readers to become socially and politically active, the hugely successful publication later showcased literature and visual art of the Harlem Renaissance. Break With the NAACP By the 1930s, the NAACP had become increasingly institutionalized while Du Bois had become more radical. Because of these differences with the NAACP, he left the magazine and organization in 1934 and returned to teaching at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of a number of African American leaders investigated by the FBI, which claimed that in 1942 his writings indicated he was a socialist. At the time, Du Bois was chairman of the Peace Information Center and was one of the signers of the Stockholm Peace Pledge, which opposed the use of nuclear weapons. Racial Upliftment Throughout Du Bois’ career, he worked tirelessly to end racial inequality. Through his membership in the American Negro Academy, Du Bois developed the idea of the â€Å"Talented Tenth,† arguing that educated African-Americans could lead the fight for racial equality in the United States. Du Bois’ ideas about the importance of education would be present again during the Harlem Renaissance. During this flowering of black literary, visual, and musical art, Du Bois argued that racial equality could be gained through the arts. Using his influence during his time as editor of The Crisis, Du Bois promoted the work of many African-American visual artists and writers. Pan-Africanism Du Bois concern for racial equality was not limited to the United States. He was an activist for equality for people of African descent throughout the world. As a leader of the Pan-African movement, Du Bois organized conferences for the Pan-African Congress, including its first in 1919. Leaders from Africa and the Americas assembled to discuss racism and oppression- issues that people of African descent faced all over the world. In 1961, Du Bois moved to Ghana and renounced his U.S. citizenship. Death Over the course of his two years in Ghana, Du Bois health deteriorated. He died there on August 27, 1963, at age 95.  Du Bois was given a state funeral in Accra, Ghana. Legacy Du Bois was a central leader in the fight for racial upliftment and equality in the 20th century. In the world of academia, he is considered to be one of the founders of modern sociology. His body of work  inspired the creation of a critical journal of black politics, culture, and society called  Souls. His legacy is honored annually by  the American Sociological Association  with an award for a career of distinguished scholarship given in his name. Sources Appiah, Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates, editors. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press, 2005  Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt). Autobiography of W.E.B. DuBois: a soliloquy on viewing my life from the last decade of its first century. International Publishers, 1968.Lewis, David Levering. W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race 1868–1919. Henry Holt and Company, 1993

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Literature review - Essay Example mprove their health and means are devised for them to have less probability of converting into a diabetic patient, the metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities which are not that severe in nature are hard to identify in fasting plasma glucose FPG and therefore are not well understood. This will help analyze the procedure that needs to be required and the patients that need to take care in order to prevent from being a diabetic patient. It has been identified that obesity is one of the major reasons for people to have diabetes in their early or late stages of life. Obesity and overweight problems are one of the major reasons why people take up fatal diseases. This high rise in obesity is due to the consumption of diets that have extremely high amounts of calories which leads to nothing but obesity and health issues. It was examined that whether dietary energy density was connected with obesity and its related problems including insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. A study was conducted on diet and energy with n = 9,688. The dietary energy density was calculated on the basis of foods only, no other factor was included. There was used a series of multivariate linear regression models to decide the sovereign connection between dietary energy density, obesity measures (BMI [in kilograms per meters squared] and waist circumference [in centimeters]), glycemia, or insulinemia. There was used Poisson regression model to determine the independent involvement between dietary energy density and the metabolic syndrome as explained by the National Cholesterol and Education Program This study has basically helped in understanding the connection between obesity and the diabetes that people have in young age. It has highly helped in identifying the reasons and the connection between the two factors of fatality which are highly dangerous for life. The article of ‘Coping, Affect, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men: How Does Coping Get Under the Skin?’ by

The Leader's New Work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Leader's New Work - Assignment Example Hence, the theories serve as guideline for the organizations and their managerial and marketing staff for their survival and growth in an era of perfect competition. Contemporary business culture has witnessed a tremendous alteration in its nature and scope. Fast increase in business activities at global scale, and emergence of world as a global entity has eliminated the concept of staying isolated from the outer world. People now embark upon business venture and produce goods and services keeping in view the features of the global market. It has also multiplied the responsibilities of corporate tycoons and leaders of multinational organizations, which have to render extra services in order to make their ventures a success. Argyris (2000) has elucidated salient features and responsibilities of the corporate sector during 21st century onward, where he lays stress upon fast and perfect flow of communication in order to obtain complete information of the market scenario (77). He is of the opinion that in olden days, only the owners/directors and managers used to be responsible for the growth and progress of their organization; however, time has tak en drastic turn, because of the new era challenges, and employees and workers maintain equal responsibility for the financial uplift of their work place. Business leaders apply communication tools in order to bring change in strategic schemes. Applying of focus groups, organizational surveys and other communication tools turn out to be helpful in making assessment of the work efficiency of employees, though they do not present an in-depth analysis of the problems they undergo while performing their professional obligations (78-9). He suggests the tools including effective learning, broader empowerment and employees’ surveys as effective methods of assessing the efficiency and performance of the

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies Similarities: All policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover education, employment and public service. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at disability, they cover and clarify more aspects such as welfare, culture, rehabilitation and environment. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK replaces the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Disability is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions accessibility for disabled pupils and assistance dogs. The UK values the education condition of minor disabled persons, protects the right of using assistance dogs. The law in China does not use â€Å"long term† to define â€Å"Disabled persons†. We can find many â€Å"special† in the law, that shows the society still treat disability as a special group, the government and social organization show their sympathy to disability, offer assistance to them, state the equal rights. However, based on the institution, normal disabled persons are fostered by their legal fosterers whom usually are their parents, special assuranceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ treatment and pension will be provided to those disabled persons while on duty or for protecting the interests of the State and people. China has the National Day of Assisting Disabled Persons to show the value of disabled persons. The New Zealand Disability Strategy addresses that what individuals have are impairments, disability is a social problem that one group of people create barriers by designing living ways. The strategy does not only prevent discrimination and offering assistance, but also encourage and support the disabled persons and their families, promoting participation. Similarities: All of the policies address positive aging without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover participation, pension, housing and public transport. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at aging, they cover and clarify more aspects such as health, rural and opportunities. Both of them address the elderly is very important for the society and they can make huge contribution. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Age is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions pension, it more focuses on funding while others quality of life in the community. The law in China defines the age group which is above the age of 60. The governments use the community publicity and education to establish the social values of respecting the elderly. The governments award who have scored outstanding achievements in respecting the elderly. The governments mainly rely the elderly’s family to provide for the elderly. China has done well on enriching the elderly’s cultural life by encouraging non-governmental organization organizes cultural, sports and recreational activities of a mass character. Free or discount of public transport is not a compulsive requirement in this law, it is in light of local condition to supply. The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy promote supporting older people to age in place and have a good quality of life in the community. Guide government agencies to provide services for older people. It involves a wide range of individuals, groups and organisations, and the strategy is keep on developing. The governments modify and improve the strategy frequently to suit new circumstance. The strategy covers the most wide field of all the three acts or laws. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, fostering good relations and promoting understanding. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments and educational bodies. Both UK and NZ address the advance of opportunity, their service delivery policies also involve private agencies, hospitals and health services. Differences: UK involves armed forces and police in the service delivery. China does not involve the private agencies in the service delivery because of the institution. China only plans to establish medical rehabilitation departments in hospitals to help disabled persons to rehabilitate. Chinese governments, departments and CDPF rarely supply practical help, their assistance stay at very low levels such as contacts, representing and consultation. Most key services should be paid by the disabled persons. NZ’ services provided by district health boards, GPs and other agencies. And the authority of decision-making is wide span. territorial authorities and non-departmental public bodies are involved to make service delivery policies, it helps to improve the service delivery polices. The New Zealand Disability Strategy will be full reviewed after five and ten years to develop. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, all of them include voluntary service and pension schemes. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments, educational bodies, public hospitals and private facilities. Both China and NZ emphasize to increase opportunities of the elderly for their community participation and growth. Both of them value the cultural and spiritual life of the elderly and mainly rely non-governmental organization to achieve. Both UK and NZ have complete public medical security, funds government and community agencies to provide services for older people. Differences: Based on the condition, China only provides basic public medical security. The main pressure of the elderly’s health security is put on their family. The governments encourage that non-governmental organization provides variety of activities, and NGOs did, but mainly concentrates in urban areas, the service delivery in rural parts is poor. Most of services only consider the elderly’s demand, ignore young generation’s feeling, it begins to cause conflicts between some older persons and some young persons. The quality of elderly healthcare is irregular in China, there is no uniform standard and lack of monitor. The law always address in light of local condition. The governmental organization in China protecting the elderly’s rights is neighbourhood committees in city, villagers committees in rural areas NZ’ government funds community agencies to provide services for older people, the service delivery policy has clear key actions and standards, has strict third-party supervision to ensure the service delivery quality. There are specialized organizations such as age concern and Elder Abuse and Neglect Prevention Services to help older persons. The strategy is reviewed frequently and is developed as well. That’s why the elderly and young generation can participate activities at the same time and get along so well. Zhen Chen

Book Of Job: Suffering Essay -- essays research papers

Book of Job: Suffering The book of Job 1:3, in The New Oxford Annonated Bible, states "Job was the greatest man among all in the East." He was a faithful servant of God, he owned thousands of animals, and had many servants and friends. Job had a very large family with seven sons and three daughters. Why was Job chosen to suffer and receive punishment at the hands of the Lord one may ask? The major themes in the book describe the ways Job deals with suffering and despair the Lord handed him. How one deals with despair and suffering is what makes a person who he or she is. The Lord is not a stranger to suffering. Psalms 69:33-36, states â€Å"The Lord hears the needy and does not despise his captive people. Let heaven and earth praise him. The seas and all that move in them. For God will save Zion and rebuild the cities of Judah. Then people will settle there and possess it; the children of his servants will inherit it; and those who love his name will dwell there.† God does not intentionally inflict despair and heartache on his believers for no reason at all. I think the despair we experience, and how we deal with it, is a test to show our true selves. The Lord does not make us suffer because of what we have done. Through suffering, we become better people and grow as an individual. You find your identity through terrible experiences. I have dealt with serious heartache and do believe that I have grown from it...

High School Teacher

In your own words explain the symptoms of Shame Leisure's Syndrome and its causes. What do we learn about Seamless sister Pure in this chapter? Who does Shame blame for his syndrome? Question 2: What does Shame feel about the story of how he got his name? What image does Shame use to describe his father and his keenness to tell the story of Seamless naming to unsuspecting Victims'? Why do you think he uses this comparison? Do you think it is effective? Why/why not? Question 3: Who or what does Seamless father dress up as in the hospital the dayShame is born? Why does he do this? Question 4: Who is Herman Melville and why does Shame describe him as the ‘real culprit' in the curse of Shame Lesser? Question 5: What does Barry Bagley do that makes Shame describe him as a ‘mad dog mauling a shoe? Question 6: What method does Shame use to survive going to the same school as Barry Bagley? How does Shame sum up Year Nine at SST Daniels Boys College? Question 7: Write down a list of words Shame uses to describe his new teacher Miss Tarragon. Why do you think he says she won't survive the term? Do you think he will be right or wrong?Explain your response. Question 8: What conclusions do you think Miss Tarragon might draw about Shame from his ‘Five Amazing Things about Me' list? Question 9: What challenge does Miss Tarragon put to the class? Why should Barry Bagley have ‘listened carefully? What did Shame know about Miss Tarragon after just one day? Question 10: What effect does his encounter with Miss Tarragon have on Barry Bagley and his treatment of Shame? Question 1 1: Why does Shame decide not to turn around and go home another way when he sees Barry and the others bullying the primary school boy?

The Laboratory Without Contamination Is Essential For The...

Introduction The ability to cultivate and identify organisms of interest in the laboratory without contamination is essential for the study and classifications of many life forms. Different techniques were used to differentiate the organisms. This process of transferring a microbe from one medium to the next is called inoculating. The organism chosen in class will be used to construct further testing. The purpose of this lab experiment was to find the identity of the unknown bacterial culture and use all the methods and the assessments that were introduced in the class. By doing that we had to use different techniques that guide us to find the right bacterium. A flowchart was given for the unknown to help us find the right bacterium that†¦show more content†¦After a couple days of incubation, the first test conducted for analysis was a gram stain. The gram stain is used to determine the cell shape and color of the bacteria cell. It can also determine whether the bacterium i s positive or negative. If it is a positive bacterium, it will look purple when viewed under a microscope. If it is a negative bacterium, it will look pink. The rod shape is usually long in a cluster chain. The cocci shape is a small circle or a cluster of grapes. The next test that was conducted was the KOH test. A large inoculate of the organism was placed in the center of a slide and a drop of KOH in a corner. The two were carefully mixed together by dragging the KOH into the organism. This step was done to determine whether the test was gram-positive or gram-negative. KOH lyses the gram negative cells and results in a sticky and stringy substance while the gram- positive remain watery in appearance. Once the KOH test was complete the SIM medium test was conducted, this test was done to determine three separate tests in one test tube. We are looking for the sulfur reduction, indole production, and motility of the organism. First, a SIM media tube is prepared, and then label the SIM tube with your initials and the bacteria you’re using. Next, use a needle to pick an isolated colony from the plate. Then, inoculate the tube by making a single straight stab down the middle